COVID-19 infection and vitamins / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

@#In December 2019, a group of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome were diagnosed in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The virus that causes the disease is called SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19 is spreading rapidly from Asia to Europe and around the world. New epidemics, such as the new coronavirus, acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and H1N1 influenza A, have been a warning to global health organizations. However, none of these pathogens have had such a catastrophic impact worldwide as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. RNA viruses known to possess very high mutation rate, which is associated with increased virulence and variability. This feature can also be seen in COVID-19, which has over 50 million cases with a mortality rate of 2.5% in 217 countries. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic carriage, mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), severe viral pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. Research has led to identification of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 as the cell-entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. However, despite these findings, systematic studies of viral dynamics and the immune response of infected individuals have not been fully established.</br> Coronavirus vaccines are being developed around the world and are expected to produced in 2021, according to Australian researchers. However, there is a urgent need for evidence-based treatment against SARS-CoV-2.</br> This article summarizes the many studies that have been conducted on the effects of vitamins and minerals in the treatment of coronavirus infections.

Effects of ketogenic diet on some metabolic parameters / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

@#Diets, boosting circulating ketones are used to use for treating some neurological disease. But recent years it’s usage in coordinating the weight is becoming more popular among overweight population. Weight loss is being offered as a therapy is aimed to reduce some risk factors of metabolic syndrome. Ketogenic diet offers high amount of fat in food composition and very low amount of carbohydrate. Results regarding the impact of ketogenic diet on cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic parameters are controversial and seem to be limited in time, which means it depends on lasting time of ketogenic diet. Ketogenic diet is not totally safe and can be associated with some beneficial and adverse effects on metabolism.

Health impact of air pollutants and nutritional solutions to reducenegative consequences / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

@#Air pollution, including particulate matter and gases has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, particularly in urban areas. More than 80% of world population lives in environment those exceed the air quality guideline established by World Health Organization. Air pollution is a very complex mixture and its potential to cause harm can depend on multiple factors including physical and chemical characteristic of pollutants. It has been hypothesized that the intake of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients may improve various respiratory and cardiovascular effects of air pollution through reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. Several studies have suggested that essential micronutrients including B vitamins and Vitamin C, E and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids has potentials to modify oxidative and inflammatory stress. Here, we review literature related to air pollution and its health impact and how essential micronutrients can worsen its negative effect.

Risk assessment for preeclampsia by biochemical and biophisycal markers at first trimester / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#Preeclampsia, which affects about 2-8% of pregnancies, is major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. In Mongolia, preeclampsia and eclampsia occurred among pregnancy complications about 25% in recent years. There is a percentage for a cause of maternal death was 17.7% in preeclampsia and eclampsia between 2012 and 2015 in Mongolia.</br> Effective prediction of preeclampsia can be achieved at 11-13 week’s gestation by combination of maternal characteristics, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA PI), maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A).@*Goal@#To investigate plasma concentration of PIGF and PAPP-A, in pregnant women at 11-13+6 of gestation for screening of preeclampsia, To examine the performance of first-trimester screening for preeclampsia based on maternal characteristics, MAP, and mUt.A-PI.@*Materials and Methods @#The study conducted among 393 single pregnant women at 11-13+6 weeks, who were visiting antenatal care services, between March, 2015 and June, 2017. The prospective Cohort research method was used for this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Maternal plasma PAPP-A, PlGF were determined using Perkin Elmer kits by fluoroimmunoassay.</br> Measurement of MAP was by validated automated devices (HEM-7120, Оmron, Japan). MAP was calculated from the formula DP + 1/3*(SP-DP), where DP represents diastolic blood pressure and SP- systolic blood pressure. Trans-abdominal ultrasound (Voluson E8, GE, USA) examination was carried out for Ut.A-PI.@*Results@#In the study population, there were 66 (16.8%) cases that experienced preeclampsia and 327 (83.2%) cases that were unaffected by preeclampsia. The result showed that the mean concentration of PlGF was 38.6±19.6 pg/ml in PE group whereas the mean was 45.1±24.0 pg/ml in normal pregnant women. Level of PAPP-A was 366.1±195.3 mU/L in group with PE, 633.6±496.9 mU/L in group without preeclampsia. </br> The best Youden’s index and area under the curve (AUC) for MAP and mUt.A-PI were as a predictor of PE. It can be shown that the cutoff point for MAP was 89.5 mmHg (sensitivity-71.2%; specificity-75.5% J-0.467; AUC-0.792; P<0.001). The cutoff point of mUt.A-PI was 2.34 (sensitivity-33.3%; specificity-77.7% J-0.12; AUC-0.577; P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The concentration of PIGF and PAPP-A in pregnant women with preeclampsia at 11-13+6 of gestation was lower than normal pregnant women. The detection risk of PE by MAP is more accurate than the mUtA-PI measurement.

Serum leptin level in Mongolian people with metabolic syndromee / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BackgroundLeptin is a mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake and therebyinducing weight loss.GoalThe main goal of our study was the analyzing of serum leptin level in correlation with some influencingfactors in adults with metabolic syndrome.Materials and MethodsWe included 260 randomly selected people aged 18-72 years old; among them 105 had metabolicsyndrome which was identified by the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. All participantsunderwent general medical examinations and signed a written consent paper. Fasting blood glucose,triglyceride, HDL-C, insulin, adiponectin, leptin level were measured in fasting blood serum and insulinresistance was calculated as a HOMA-IR model.ResultsAverage level of leptin for participants with MS was 16.44±14.21ng/ml, in participants without MS was9.59±12.69ng/ml. MS exposed group had much higher level of leptin than the control group (p<0.001).Leptin level was correlated with waist circumference (β=-0.253±0.1; p=0.013), and body mass index(β=1.778±0.274; p<0.001).ConclusionLeptin level in the MS exposed group were higher than in the control group. The level of leptin had aconsistent and significant correlation with body mass index and waist circumference in compare to otherinfluencing factors.

The study of PGC-1α gene Gly482Ser polymorphism in people with metabolic syndrome in relation to risk factors of MS / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia,low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), increase blood pressure and raise fasting plasma glucose. ThePGC-1α gene is located on chromosome 4 p.15.1 in humans and encodes a protein containing 798amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates thegenes involved in energy metabolism. PPARγ, a coactivator molecule recently identified based on itsability to interact with PPARγ, is involved in many important metabolic processes, including adaptivethermogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β–oxidation.Goal: To study the frequency of PGC-1α Gly482Ser polymorphism in people with MS in relation to therisk factors of the MS.Materials and methods: The study population comprised 302 unrelated Mongolian subjects (158 withmetabolic syndrome and 144 controls). The genotypes for polymorphism of candidate gene related toMS were determined using a RFLP analysis of the MspI digest of the PCR product.Result: From the control group, 33.4% (48) had GG, 47.2% (68) had GS and 19.4% (28) had SSgenotypes. 51.9% (82) of people with MS had GG, 35.4% (56) had GS and 12.7% (20) had SSgenotypes. The prevalence of G allele in people with MS was 69.6%, which is much higher than healthygroup. Comparing PGC-1α Gly482Ser GG, GS and SS genotypes with systolic arterial blood pressurerevealed statistically significant difference which was higher among subjects with GG genotype. Theblood pressure of people with MS and carrying GG genotype of PGC-1α Gly482Ser polymorphismwas significantly increased 2.35 times than people without MS.Conclusions:1. 69.6 percentages of the people with MS had G allele and 2.2 times more than those withoutmetabolic syndrome.2. We determined that the odds ratio for the high blood pressure and it was 2.35 times higher inpeople with GG allele of Gly482Ser carriers than GS and SS alleles carriers (OR = 2.35, p =0.012).

11377C>G polymorphism of adipoq gene is associated with plasma tag level in people with metabolic syndrome / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction. The metabolic syndrome is related to increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease andtype 2 diabetes. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-specific collagen-like factor, which is abundant in plasma, anda decrease of adiponectin is associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes.Goal. This study aimed to determine the ADIPOQ gene -11377 polymorphism in association with plasmaadiponectin level and risk factors of metabolic syndrome.Materials and Methods. We investigated adiponectin gene -11377C>G polymorphism in 156 subjects withmetabolic syndrome and 142 healthy control subjects. The -11377C>G polymorphic locus was amplified using theforward primer 5’-ACTTGCCCTGCCTCTGTCTG-3’ and the reverse primer, 5-CCTGGAGAACTGGAAGCTG-3’.A p value G had lower levels of serum adiponectin than those with the genotype CC (7.38±3.68ng/ml) butno significant difference in people with MS (p=0.157). Therefore with genotype CG and GG (168.56±113.31mg/dl) of -11377C>G had higher levels of serum triglycerides than those with the genotype CC (132.94±74.78mg/dl) significant difference in people with MS (OR=1.006, p=0.015). With CG and GG (75.04±12.49mg/dl) of-11377C>G had significantly higher glucose level compared to with the genotype CC (68.85±11.76mg/dl) inwithout MS (OR=1.071, p=0.017).Сonclusions.1. ADIPOQ gene -11377>G polymorphism of the adiponectin gene was found not to be related to adiponectinlevel (p=0.157).2. -11377C>G polymorphism was related to the metabolic syndrome susceptibility, and this polymorphismimpacted on circulating triglyceride and glucose concentrations.

The study of socioeconomic and geographical factors that affect healthy aging of Mongolians / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

As the proportion of aged population has been increasing worldwide by the rapid development of socio-economy, health science, and educational level that affect the policy against health service and social welfare, one of the urgent issues of Mongolian society and medical science facing is to develop healthy aging process and prevention of pathological aging. As we know, healthy aging process depends upon several factors such as heritage, biological and physiological internal factors, living condition, climate, geography, socio-economy, nutrition, drinking water, lifestyle etc,. Thus, the development of healthy aging and its influential factors is an immediate issue of Mongolian medicine and society.A cross-sectional regression analysis has been used to measure socioeconomic and physiological factors for longevity. Total of 1897 participants aged less than 80 are randomly collected from Ulaanbaatar city and Mongolian 4 regions.Total of 1897 participants, less than 80 years old are involved in this study. People in an urban area are higher than those in countryside. About housing condition, 63.5% of total participants are in apartment at UB and 37.8% is in House and 44.3% in Mongolian Ger. Estimating participant’s income, 25% of relatively healthy population is below than the minimum of subsistence. However 50% of elderly people aged between 75-80 is below than minimum of subsistence. Comparing income level by age and gender income is decreased while age is increased, males are relatively higher than females. Middle income people are by 20.9%, high income people are by 57.7% less the risky than low income people. Unhealthy status is increased by 1.0% while a year of smoking, LDL by 96.5%, HDL by 94.7%, Triglycerid by 71.2%, CAVI by 91% increase risks respectively.Below indicators are more influential for the healthy aging of Mongolian elderly people as follows, education level (ρ-0.001), household income (OR=0.423, ρ<0.0001), living conditions (OR=0.326, ρ<0.05), LDL (OR=0.035, ρ<0.0001), HDL (OR=0.053, ρ<0.0001), glucose (OR=0.014, ρ<0.0001), CAVI (OR=0.090, ρ<0.0001). Higher density of healthy aged populations is found in the central region of Mongolia where altitude is 1000-1500 meters above than sea level (MASL) and temperature is between 0-6 Celsius.

Correlation between the blood glucose level and food consumption of Elder people / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

The increasing proportions of aged persons have been accompanied in the world. NCDs are often associated with older age groups. High blood glucose levels and unhealthy diet increase the risk of or cause most NCDs. In this study we aimed to determine correlation between the older people (60<) blood glucose level and food consumption. 1563 healthy elder people participated in this research. We measured blood glucose level in all subjects at the Nursing school’s Training and Research Center of health science university of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar city, Orkhon aimag, Khovd aimag, Khentii aimag, Bulgan aimag, Dornogovi aimag, Tov aimags represented urban areas, while the rest of aimags and soums represented rural areas. The questionnaire was used to collect data on respondent’s social-economic status, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and their causes. In order to assess the diet pattern of the surveyed population, the respondents were asked about frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, type of oil used in food, and amount of salt consumed daily. Simple regression analysis was performed to shown that significantly positive correlations between blood glucose and salt intake (р<0.001), The other composition are no significantly changes.

The study of apolipoprotein a5 gene polymorphisms in relation tolipidslevel in people with metabolic syndrome / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown a higher prevalenceof hypertriglyceridemia among patients with CHDthan among unaffected populations. Dozens of polymorphisms in different genesthat could have some effect on plasma TG levels havebeen analyzed. The most promising results are connected withvariants within the apolipoproteins (APO) APOA1/APOC3/ APOA4 gene cluster. Transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein A5decreased plasma triglyceride concentrations to one-third of those in control mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking APOA5 had four times as much plasma triglycerides as controls.The human APOA5 gene consistsof 4 exons and codes 369 aminoacidprotein, which is expressed almost exclusively in the liver.A minor allele of APOA5 (1259C, IVS3+476A and 1131C) which was independently associated with high plasma triglyceride levels in African-American, non Hispanic whites, Hispanic, Caucasians and Japanese were reported. Four polymorphisms in ApoA5 (1259T>C, IVS3+476G>A, S19W and 1131T>C) has been correlatedwith high TG levels in diabetic women. Materials and Methods: 162 people with MS for case group and 144 people for control group were selected in this study. MS was diagnosed according to IDF criteria and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL levels were determined. DNA from both case and control subjects were extracted from blood samples (20μL) using “G-spin™ Total DNA Extraction Kit”(iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc).The genotypes for fourpolymorphisms of ApoA5 were determined using a combination of PCR and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes. Results: There were 304 total subjects included males 50.3% (153) and female 49.7% (151) in our study. The appearance of risk genotypes of 1177C>T, 1259T>C, IVS3+476G>A and 1131T>C polymorphisms in ApoA5 gene were higher in MS group than control group.Serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol differed significantly (pC genotypes. Conclusion: TAG and TC level was higher in people with 1131T>C-CC genotype than other genotypes in both groups (p=0.010, p=0.001). We determined that the odds ratio for the hypertriglyceridemia was 5.98 for ApoA5-1131T>C CC-genotype carriers.

The study of apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphism in relation to serum triglyceride level in people with metabolic syndrome / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background. A large number of longitudinal studies indicate significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in people with the MetSyn and high plasma levels of triglycerides are an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene, a new member of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster, was identified by comparative sequencing of human and mice DNA by Pennacchio and co-workers in 2001. Since this discovery, variants of ApoA5 gene have been independently assiociated with level of plasma triglyceride in many countries. Human ApoA5 is expressed in the liver then appears in plasma in association with VLDL and HDL and plays a major role in TG catabolism. Variant at ApoA5 gene locus, 1177C>T is located in 3’ UTR which often contains regulatory regions that influence post-transcriptional gene expression. One alteration can be responsible for the altered expression of many genes. Materials and Methods. 152 people with MS for case group and 152 people for control group were selected in this study. MS was diagnosed according to IDF criteria and serum triglyceride levels were determined. DNA from both case and control subjects were extracted from blood samples (200 ml) using “G-spin™ Total DNA Extraction Kit”(iNtRON Biotechnology, Inc). To detect the 1177C>T variation of ApoA5 gene, using High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kits, a forward primer 5’-CTCTGAGCCTCTAGCATGGTTGAGT- 3’ and the mismatch reverse primer 5’-GAGCATTCCCAAATGAGCAC-3’ were used to create the HinfI restriction site. Results. There were 304 total subjects included males 50.3% (153) and female 49.7% (151) in our study. Incident of CC genotype was 71.1% (216), CT genotype was 25% (76) and TT genotype was 3.9%, TAG level was higher in males than females in both groups (p=0.016, ð=0.001) for CC genotype and also, higher with MS in males for CT genotype (p=). But, TAG level was no significant difference among three genotypes in group with MS subjects (male p=0.236, female p=0.881). Conclusion: The TT genotype of the ApoA5 gene 1177C>T polymorphism frequency was 2.9% in control subjects and 4.9% in subjects with MS. However, TG level was not differ in both groups for TT genotype, TAG level in males was higher compared with females (p=0.016 in control, p=0.001 in group with MS).

THE LEVEL OF FREE AND BIOAVAILABLE TESTOSTERONE IN MEN AGED ABOVE 40 YEARS OLD / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction: With the average longevity in men and women, sexual health concerns have become more and more important and demands for help are far more common than in the past. The percentage of aging population is increasing also. A metabolic and hormonal change occurs in male during aging.The level of total, free and bioavailable testosterone decline with aging and it leads to decrease in sexual activities, metabolism and also the life quality.The aim of this initial study was the determination of free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone and it was the novelty of our study. Data obtained from our research can be used as basic information for hormone replacement therapy in late onset hypogonadism.Research goal: To study the free testosterone and bioavailable testosterone level in aging malesMaterials and Methods: This study is a part of study: “Androgen status of aging males” which was supported by Asian Research Center, Korean Foundation for Advanced Studies. The study was approved by IRB of MoH and written consent was obtained from all participants.Fasting blood samples were collected in the morning between 8.00-10.00 AM. We used commercial ELISA kits from Magiwel CoLtd (USA) for determining the total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin levels. Bromcresol green method was used in determination of serum albumin level. Bioavailable and free testosterone were calculated by Alex Vermeulen, Lieve Verdonk and M. Kaufman’s formula, which was recommended by International Society for the Study of Aging Male.We studied 114 healthy males aged above 40 years old, all undergone the General and Urological examination.Result and discussion: The average age was 57.48±10.48 years in our study participants. In group of 40-49 years were 29% (n=33), in 50-59 age group 23% (n=26), in 60-69 age group 27% (n=38) and in age group over 70-s were 15% (n=17).Mean total testosterone was 6.04±1.83 ng/ml, in 40-49 age group it was 6.14±1.65 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group 6.04±2.36 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 6.05±1.80 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 5.85±1.43 ng/ml.Mean sex hormone binding globulin was 50.22±29.97 nmol/l, in 40-49 age group 37.60±23.03 nmol/l, in 50-59 age group 47.08±29.61 nmol/l, in 60-69 age group 57.24±33.91 nmol/l, and over 70’s it was 59.22±25.38 nmol/l.Mean albumin was 40.86±6.89 g/l, in 40-49 age group 44.55±5.93 g/l, in 50-59 age group 41.85±6.93 g/l, in 60-69 age group 38.92±6.85 g/l, and over 70’s was 36.55±4.77 g/l.Mean free testosterone was 0.112±0.064 ng/ml, in 40- 49 age group 0.124±0.058 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group0.114±0.077 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 0.107±0.072 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 0.097±0.044 ng/ml.Mean bioavailable testosterone was 2.53±1.48 ng/ ml, in 40-49 age group 2.76±1.37 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group 2.60±1.70 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 2.51±1.56 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 2.04±1.05 ng/ml.Conclusion:1. In our participants aged above 40 years old, the average mean of free testosterone was 0.112±0.066 ng/ml, free testosterone index was 16.95±11.82. Free testosterone had inverse correlation with aging (r=-0.168, p=0.03) and had peer decline among aging groups.2. The average mean of bioavailable testosterone was 2.53±1.48 ng/ml, and had age related inverse correlation (r=-0.169, p=0.037), which decline was deeper in men aged over 70 years.Key words:Aging, total, free, bioavailable testosterone,free testosterone index

The study of androgen receptor gene cag and ggn polymorphism in relation with androgen status / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: Discrepancies in the sensitivity to biological effects of the androgens, exerted through the binding of the hormone to the androgen receptor (AR), may also be involved in the inter-individual variation of T as well as in age related decline. The human androgen receptor (AR), located on chromosome Xq11-12, is a transcription factor regulating the development of male reproductive organs in the fetus and secondary sex characteristics at puberty in response to testosterone (T) and 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The AR contains two polymorphic regions, the (CAG)nCAA repeat encoding polyglutamine, and the (GGT)3GGG(GGT)2(GGC)n repeat encoding polyglycine, commonly referred to as the CAG and GGN repeats respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the human androgen receptor genes CAG and GGN repeat polymorphisms in relation with androgen level.Materials and Methods: Sample collection: 180 male, the medical data of these volunteers were obtained and determined some androgen hormones at first phase of study in 2010-2011 (total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BAT)). To determine CAG/GGN repeats length in exon of androgen receptor gene, using frozen serum as a source of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA was extracted from blood samples (200 ml) using High PurePCR Template Preparation Kits.Results: The 180 men whose age is at least 40 were involved in our research and their average age was 55.1±10.3. The 46.7% (84) of the participants presents CAG gene, the 6.1% (11) of the participants presents GGN gene while the 25.5% (46) of the participants presents both CAG and GGN genes. However, the 21.7% of 39 men not presents CAG and GGN genes.Conclusion: The free testosterone level was significantly decreasing with aging. However, the appearance of CAG gene polymorphism was significantly higher in more aged people. Decline of free testosterone level in participants with CAG and [CAG+GGN] combined form was stronger than in people with GGN gene polymorphism and CAG, GGN both undetected people. But the level of bioavailable testosterone was decreasing with aging and the appearance of CAG gene polymorphism (r=-0.425, p=0.01) and [CAG+GGN] combined form (r=-0.491, p=0.028) was also increasing.

Insulin level and insulin resistance higher among people with metabolic syndrome / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

IntroductionThe metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors: diabetes andprediabetes, abdominal obesity, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Also it is known as acluster of changes associated with resistance to insulin.There is a convincing evidence of important ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome,its components and sequelae. Estimates vary by country, but generally they show higher prevalenceof metabolic syndrome in non-European groups. Based on these findings, we were convinced inthe importance of studying the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among thepopulation of Mongolia.Materials and MethodsThe main goal of our study was the determination of insulin level and insulin resistance in metabolicsyndrome exposed and non-exposed groups. We included 194 randomly selected people aged 20-60 years old; among them 51 had metabolic syndrome which was identified by the criteria of theInternational Diabetes Federation. All participants underwent general medical examinations andsigned a written consent paper. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL, insulin levels were measuredin fasting blood serum and insulin resistance was calculated as a HOMA-IR model.ResultsAverage age of participants was 44,26±8,66 years, of whom 46,4% (n=90) were male, 53,6%(n=104)were female. By IDF criteria, 26,2% (n=51) of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Insulin levelwas 17,23±14,91μIu/mL in MS exposed group which was much higher than in the control group.Insulin, HOMA-IR, had direct correlation with the body mass, BMI and waist circumference andinverse correlation between HDL.Conclusions26.2% of the study participants had metabolic syndrome which was defined by IDF criteria. Insulin levelin the MS exposed group was 17,23±14,91μIu/mL, higher than in the control group by 7,53±2,21μIU/mL. Insulin, HOMA-IR, showed a direct correlation with the body mass, BMI and waist circumferenceand inverse correlation between HDL.

Relationship between thyroid gland function and serum lipid level in elderly people / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Determine the pituitary thyroid gland axis function abnormalities and relate it with serum lipid level.We enrolled 313 elderly people from UB and Orkhon aimag. Serum total TSH, T3, T4 hormones, low –density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride level were defined by ELISA and fully automatic analyzer. All analyses were conducted with the use of SPSS 19.0, MS Excel 2007 program in which mean variables, One way Anova test and bivariate correlations are included.A total of 313 elder subjects, male 29.4%, female 70.6% and mean age was 71.8±9.8. Pituitary thyroid hormone abnormalities were detected mostly in females (p=0.027), thyroid hormone decrease was noticed in 70-79 age. In all groups serum triglyceride level as in normal range but it was significantly high (p=0.027) in hypothyroid group. Triglyceride level was negatively correlated with total T4 (p<0.01), positively correlated with T3 (p<0.01).Thyroid hormone decrease increases serum lipid especially triglyceride level. Furthermore it increases atherosclerosis risk factor to elderly people thus affects the quality of life.

Free testosterone and age correlation in mongolian aging males / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Materials and Methods: We studied 114 healthy males aged above 40 years old, who undergone urologists examination and General practitioner. All men answered the Aging Males’ Symptom Scale questionnaire. This is part of the ongoing study Mongolian males Andrological Status sponsored by Asian Research center, Korean Foundation for Advenced Studies. Formal concent permission was obtained from all participants, which approved by Ethical Committee of MoH. We took 4 ml blood from vien between 8-11am and determined testosterone, SHBG by ELISA and albumin by liquicolor reagent. Bioavailable testosterone was calculated, using previously described mathematical modeling, suggested by ISSAM.Result: The average free testosterone level was 0.112±0.06 ng/ml, in 40-49 age group 0.124±0.05 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group 0.114±0.07 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 0.107±0.07 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 0.097±0.04 ng/ml. If consider the free testosterone 100%, in 40-49 age than it is decreasing 91.6% in 50-59, 83.3% in 60-69 ages and 75% decreased in over 70s. Respectively, it decreases approximately by 0.8% every year after 40’s.Conclusion: The free testosterone level was 0.11±0.06 ng/ml in aging males and has reverse correlation with aging (r=-0.168, p= 0.03).

Bioavailable testosterone and age correlation in aging males / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction: With the increasing longevity in men and women, sexual health concerns have become more and more important and demands for help are far more common than in the past. The percentage of aging population is increasing also. The of this study in aging men. Late onset hypogonadism will need the testosterone replacement therapy and we hope that our study result will help to get basic information of testosterone among over 40 yearsold Mongolian men.Goal: To determine the bioavailable testosterone (BT) of aging males and correlate with aging process.Materials and Methods: This study is a part of ongoing study: “Androgen status of aging males” which was supported by Asian Research Center, Korean Foundation for Advanced Studies. We studied 114 healthy males aged above 40 years old, all undergone the General and Urological examination. Bioavailable testosterone was determined by formula suggested by ISSAM.Result: The average bioavailable testosterone level was 2.53±1.48 ng/ml, in 40-49 age group 2.76±1.37 ng/ml, in 50-59 age group 2.60±1.70 ng/ml, in 60-69 age group 2.51±1.56 ng/ml, and over 70’s it was 2.04±1.05 ng/ml. If consider the bioavailable testosterone 100%, in 40-49 age than it is decreasing 94.2% in 50-59, 90.9% in 60-69 ages and 73.9% decreased in over 70s. Respectively, it decreases approximately by 0.9% every year after 40’s.Conclusion: The bioavailable testosterone level was 2.53±1.48ng/ml in aging males and has reverse correlation with aging (r=-0.169, p=0.037).

Changes luteinizing hormone in aging female / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction. Luteinizing hormone is slowly increasing in menopausal transition phase, it’s maintain to increase till early post menopause phase (Gore et al. 2004). It is related to steroid hormone’s negative feedback and estradiol’s positive feedback (Rossmanith 1995), and in addition, recently years kisspeptin-10 of hypothalamus [1]. LH is dramatically decreasing at the rather late of post menopause phase (Hall et al. 2000, Gill et al 2002). By the year 2030, more than 1.2 billion women in the world will be at least 50 years old. This increasing proportion of the female population will be experiencing the menopausal transition with its accompanying physiology and pathophysiology [2]. Recently researchers more focused to study the comparative analysis of hormones at the menopause phase in different ethnic groups. This kind of study have not implemented in our country yet.Goal.Determination of serum LH level changes in relation to aging. Materials and Methods. In this study were involved 161 healthy Mongolian women aged above 35 years. Subjects were randomly selected and undergone physical examination by geriatrician. People, who are receiving hormone replacement therapy, using in proper use of alcohol, injured and had survey, were excluded from our study. Blood samples were collected in the morning 8.30-10.30 AM, after a night fasting. Blood was separated immediately by centrifugation, then obtained sera were stored at -20 0C until assayed by ELISA kit from United Biotech CoLTD, USA, which sensitivity is 1mlU/ml. Statistical analyses have been performed by statistical software SPSS 17, using ANOVA, Pearson correlation.Results. Average level of LH was 29.95±3.31mIU/ml, 15.87±5.86mIU/ml at the age 35-45, 33.12±7.1mIU/ml at the age 46-55, 15.87±ImU/ml at the age 56-65, 38.15±6.6mIU/ml at the age 66-75, and 56.42±11.1mlIU/ml over 76 age in the all participants, considering by person correlation coefficient, between age and LH are moderate and direct correlation (r=0.264, ð 0.003).Conclusion. Average level of LH was 29.95±3.31mIU/ml in women aged over 35. Considering by person correlation coefficient, between age and LH are moderate and direct correlation (r=0.264, ð 0.003). LH increases with aging till round 70 and decreases after 70 years.

Malnutrition risk of hospitalized elderly and their anthropometric indicators / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction: With advancing age, the risk of developing nutritional deficiencies increases. Malnutrition can lead to functional dependency, increases morbidity, mortality, and greater use of health care resources. Goal: The goal of our study was to assess the nutritional risk among recently hospitalized elderly in Secondary healthcare systems by the NSI screening tool and assess indicators of anthropometry assessment in nutritionally different groups. Materials and Methods: To the study were enrolled 411 hospitalized elderly patients in secondary healthcare systems. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the HSUM, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The nutritional status was classified by the NSI (Nutrition Screening Initiative) into: high risk of malnutrition, moderate risk of malnutrition and without malnutrition (adequate). Results: Among the assessed elderly, 8.03% had adequate nutritional status; 32.85% were at a risk of malnutrition and 59.12% were at a moderate risk of malnutrition. Some anthropometric variables such as weight, abdominal circumference, calf and mid-arm circumference assessed were significantly more deteriorated among the malnourished individuals. Among the NSI variables tooth loss/ mouth pain (21.6%), eating few fruits or vegetables or milk products (14.3%), chronic illness (13.8%), multiple medicines (13.4%) or economic hardship (11.3%) were found as the risk of malnourished elderly. Conclusion: There is an interrelationship between the nutritional status of the elderly and some anthropometric variables.

Biochemical parameters in correlation with nutritional status of hospitalized elderly / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction: While the prevalence of malnutrition in the free living elderly population is relatively low, the risk of malnutrition increases dramatically in the hospitalized elderly. Patients who are malnourished when admitted to the hospital tend to have longer hospital stays, experience more complications, and have greater risk of morbidity and mortality than those whose nutritional state is normal. Goal: To assess the nutritional status among hospitalized elderly in Secondary healthcare systems by the MNA screening tool. Materials and Methods: To the study were enrolled 411 hospitalized elderly patients in secondary healthcare systems. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the HSUM, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. We assessed the participants’ nutritional status by the MNA (Mini nutritional assessment) tool and divided into three groups: malnourished, risk of malnutrition and normal nutritional status. We compared the relationship between nutritional status and some biochemical indicates such as total protein, albumin, cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: 146 (36.01%) elders were well nourished among our study participants. Serum albumin was significantly low in malnourished elders. Conclusion: Among the assessed elderly 36.01% had adequate nutritional status; 43.79% were at a risk of malnutrition and 20.19% were malnourished. Serum albumin was significantly low in malnourished elders.